The Scudamore family have owned Kentchurch Court near Pontrilas for more than seven centuries and the property remains in their family today. In the mid-19th century John Lucy Scudamore owned large tracts of land in Herefordshire including much of the land surrounding the Pontrilas estate. It was therefore not surprising that John Lucy Scudamore took the opportunity of purchasing the Pontrilas Estate when it came up for sale in 1839.
The sale was finalised in a conveyance dated 29 August 1840. Scudamore paid £20,584 for the Pontrilas estate (equivalent to £1.4 million in 2007) and he devised it to his grandson Edward Lucas-Scudamore. A plan of the estate was included in the deed of conveyance (see opposite) and included, in addition to Pontrilas Court, the farms mentioned in the sale particulars.
Scudamore’s purchase of Pontrilas Court occurred just as the Kentchurch tithe survey was being conducted which provided further information about the property and its land.
At the beginning of Victoria’s reign, the ancient practice of paying tithes of a tenth of the annual produce from land or labour to support the local clergy was under reform. In 1836 an Act of Parliament allowed tithe charges to be changed to a monetary payment, and commissioners were appointed to survey every parish to assess land values and agree the rent charges. The outputs of the survey were a map showing each plot of land labelled by number, and a schedule detailing the ownership and occupancy of each plot.
The schedule contained a description of the land, its state of cultivation, size and the rent-charge payable. For houses, the description might read ‘House and garden’, while land was often described by its field name or by type, eg field, wood, copse, etc. Where relevant, the state of cultivation of land was described, eg arable, meadow, pasture. The area of each plot was measured in acres, roods and perches (40 perches to a rood, 4 roods to an acre). The rent charges were in pounds, shillings and pence.
The 1839 tithe map for Kentchurch shows Pontrilas Court as plot 313, with neighbouring Pontrilas Farm and Mill.
The tithe schedule was usually arranged alphabetically by the surname of the landowner, and then alphabetically by the occupier’s surname. However, in order to find out the owner and occupier of a property or piece or land, it was first necessary to identify the parish where the property was located, find the plot of land on the tithe map, identify its plot number, and then search the tithe schedule for that reference. The plots listed with the same occupier indicate the extent of that person’s tenancy under a particular landowner.
The tithe apportionment, which was prepared two years after the tithe map in 1841, recorded John Lucy Scudamore as the owner and occupier of plot 313, Pontrilas Court, whose land amounted to almost 3 acres. It is interesting that plot 315, an orchard to the west of the property, was then part of Pontrilas Farm and did not belong to Pontrilas Court. The land included in the three properties Pontrilas Court, Farm and Mill comprised 139 acres in the parish of Kentchurch. The location of the land belonging to Pontrilas Court is outlined on the tithe map shown opposite.
John Lucy Scudamore was born in 1798. His only daughter Laura was born in 1831 and married Fitzherbert Dacre Lucas and the couple took the name Lucas-Scudamore, presumably to preserve Scudamore for later generations. John Lucy Scudamore died in 1875 and his grandson Edward Lucas-Scudamore inherited Pontrilas Court as recorded in the 1840 deed of conveyance.
A volume of notes written about the Scudamore family in Kentchurch by W C Cooke in 1881 contained this description of Pontrilas Court:
‘The mansion house has been partly rebuilt and restored in the Elizabethan style and stands in a picturesque situation in a park of 300 acres well stocked with deer having a sporting domain of 6000 acres. The river Monnow which passes through the property affords excellent trout fishing. The house is 12 miles by road from Hereford, two of which are through the estate. It is 10 miles distant from the towns of Abergavenny, Monmouth and Ross.’
The reference to the house being partly rebuilt is most likely to have occurred after the Scudamore family purchased Pontrilas Court in 1840 when, as we have seen, it was not regarded as a particularly comfortable property. It was probably John Lucy Scudamore or his grandson Edward Lucas-Scudamore who made the 19th century improvements to Pontrilas Court using their considerable wealth and resources.